例子：Many young people enjoy online shopping. on the one hand, it saves time. On the other hand, it saves money.  （X）

例子：Many young people enjoy online shopping. Firstly, it saves time. In addition, it saves money.  (✓)

评讲：save time和save money 是两个并列的有点，没有对比的关系，最好用firstly, secondly。

错误2：on the contrary以为是In contrast的替换词

例子：The birth rate rose. On the contrary, the infant mortatality rate dropped. （X）

例子：Equipping the police with weapons does not necessarily reduce crime. On the contrary, violence spirals because of this. (✓)

评讲：on the contrary 一般出现的语境是前面出现否定信息。这个词组基本上不用于雅思作文。

错误3：while, whereas认为是in contrast的替换词

例子：The birth rate rose. While the infant mortatality rate dropped. （X）

例子：The birth rate rose, while the infant mortatality rate dropped. (✓)

评讲：while 是从属连词，要连接两个独立的句子，这里应该是“,while”或者改成“in contrast”。

错误4：besides, furthermore, what’s more, moreover, in addition被认为是“递进”的连接词

例子：Many people today choose to study in foreign countries. Besides, they can gain qualifications in foreign universities. （X）

例子：Many people today choose to study in foreign countries in order to pick up a foreign language. Besides, they can gain qualifications in foreign universities. (✓)

评讲：besides一般引导两个并列的观点，不指代因果关系，这里应该是“because of this”比较合理。很有意思的是，有一次我上课问学生什么是“递进”，举个中文的例子给我看，竟然没有学生能够举出恰当的中文例子。可见很多学生学习都是人云亦云，对一些概念其实根本不理解。

错误5：however被认为是on the other hand的同义词

例子：Working from home has benefited many people. However, it can cause problems. （X）

例子：Working from home has benefited many people. On the other hand, it can cause problems. (✓)

评讲：however一般是转折关系，也就是后面的句子意思往往代表作者的首要立场。而on the other hand一般是并列关系，也就是前后句子或者观点没有轻重之分，是并列的，一般是两个事情的对比，而不是转折。

错误6：by doing this, in this way被认为是as a result, therefore, as a consequence 等

例子：Many people work long hours. By doing this, they may suffer poor health. （X）

例子：Many people work long hours. As a result, they may suffer poor health. (✓)

评讲：一般by doing this, in this way都是用在人们有计划地做某个事情，最后为了达到一定目的，或者效果。那么，显然不可能后面出现不好的结果，譬如说poor health。因此在这里用as a result最好。

错误7：as a result, therefore, thus, as a consequence 都是连接词，而不是连词

例子：many people today prefer to use mobile phones to communicate with their friends, as a result, the face-to-face contact declines. （X）

例子：many people today prefer to use mobile phones to communicate with their friends; as a result, the face-to-face contact declines. (✓)

评讲：as a result类似于副词，没有连词的功能，所以前面要用句号或者；号。

错误8：thereby 不是therefore的替换词

例子：Many libraries have Internet connection now, thereby, people can do research online. （X）

例子：Many libraries have Internet connection now; therefore, people can do research online. (✓)

评讲：thereby的习惯用法是thereby+doing something, 不能违反这个规则，千万不要以为thereby 用了比therefore高大上。

错误9：in order to 一般是表示有目的地去做某个事情，要注意逻辑主语，而且一般不会用否定

例子：Governments should not invest in the arts, in order to save money. （X）

例子：Governments should cut down on the spending on the arts, in order to save money. (✓)

评讲：这个句子用否定读起来很不通顺。因为既然是in order to，肯定是主动做一个事情（而不是避免做一个事情）去达到一个效果。

错误10：with如果加名词，往往是表示“有了…”，后面一般不加负面的东西

例子：With pollution, many people will have health problems. （X）

例子：Many people have suffered from health problems because of pollution. (✓)

评讲：pollution是不好的东西，用with很怪异，用because of好一点。