北木教育 > 托福 > 托福文章 > 托福长难句系列-宾语从句2
发布时间:2018-09-12 北京智赢
本章我们要讲讲学习宾语从句时,要特别提起注意的一些特殊的语法想象。
当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等时,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,如:
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
2宾语从句连接词that的省略
that引导宾语从句时本身没有意义,且不充当句子成分,所以常省略。但下列情况除外:(所以在考试时,不要随便省略that)
1)that做learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state, feel, hold等动词的宾语时;
2)宾语从句较长时;
3)主语、状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前;
4)主语的动词(包括谓语和非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语;
5)一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
6)宾语从句中的主语是this, that或those, these做主语的定语;
7)宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语;
8)宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句;
9)主语中的谓语动词是固定词组;
10)宾语从句有it做其先行词;
11)直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开;
12) that在从句中充当主语。
3whether, if 引导宾语从句时,表“是否”:两词可以互换,但是下列情形除外:(所以在考试时,要表达“是否”这个意思,尽量都用whether)
1)介词后不用if;
2)少数动词,如:leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether;
3)whether后可以加“or not”,但是if不可以;
4)在不定式前只能用whether;
5)“no matter”后表示“是否”用whether而不用if。
4当宾语从句的引导词是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等表疑问时,无论任何时候都为陈述语序,但也有部分口语提问例外,如:
I don’t know what's the matter.
I don’t know what's wrong with you.
5形式宾语:当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语移至句末,其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”:
下列四种情况须用it作形式宾语:
1)当不定式、动名词或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时(如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等),如:
They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.
I think it no need talking about it with them.
2)某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,如like, enjoy, love, hate等,往往不能直接接宾语从句(不管是否有宾补),如:
I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
3)that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语;
You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
He insisted on it that he was innocent.
4)由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中,宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时,须借用it。
I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
5)特殊形式宾语:
通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形,即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构,但以下几类形式宾语却比较特殊,其后没有宾语补足语,但也会出现形式宾语it,如:
have, take, put等动词 + it + that + 从句:
I take it that he will come on time.
Rumor has it that the they will soon resign.