中间类

1、support / oppose... on the grounds that..以··…为理由去支持或者反对某事

例句：Some people continue to oppose animal experiments on the grounds that they are inhumane(不人道的)

详解：近义句型:support / oppose ... on the basis of

2、abide by the rules / law / regulations（规则/法律/规定等）

例句:To prevent children from going astray, parents should help their children to

learn to respect others and to abide by the rules.

详解:近义句型: comply with / conform to the rules

反义句型: break / violate the rules

3、A prevail over (or outweigh / outbalance ) B  A大于B

例句：The advantages of stiffer （更严厉的）punishment for driving offenders prevail over its disadvantages.

反义句型:pale in comparison with...地道英文中极为常用的一个短语，意思是“与…相比微不足道”

4、A create (or bring about/ generate/ cause/ breed/ engender/ spawn/induce) B A产生B这个结果

例句:Technological innovations (创新) have brought about fundamental changes to various political，economic and cultural arenas (领域) .

详解:其中create所跟的宾语选择较广; bring about一般指大规模地产生某种结果;

generate在IELTS作文中后面经常会跟government revenue(政府收入)或

employment opportunities (就业机会) ;cause, breed与engender的后面跟负面结

果较为常见，比如cause pain/anxiety,  breed conflict(冲突)，engender

controversy(争论)等;spawn后面一般跟新生事物，比如inventions或者innovations(创新);而induce则一般加抽象的心理结果，比如stress或者discomfort(身体不适)等

5、A is a key determinant of B  A是B的决定因素

例句: In an individual's career, tenacity (毅力) is a key determinant of success.

详解:类似的意思也可以用动词形式A determines B表达，来实现句型多样化

6、are , by nature ,+形容词  天生就……

例句: Children are，by  nature，underdeveloped，morally,  emotionally as well

as physically.

详解:这个句型的好处是使用了句中短语，能让枯燥的长句子变得更有亲和力。近义句型:are naturally + 形容词

7、it is standard practice for someone to do sth. 某人通常会怎样做某事

例句: At present, it is not standard practice for scientists to release (发布) their

data or research models, which may lead to research that is detrimental (有害的) to human beings.

详解:近义句型:It is not uncommon for someone to do sth.注意这是双重否定，意思

即为“某人通常会做某事”

8、A is best characterised by...  A最重要的特质是……

例句:Excellent journalists are best characterised by self-discipline(自制力)，

Determination (决心) and insights (洞察力) .

详解:近义句型:The most important distinguishing feature of… is…

9、Given the choice,… 如果可以选择的话，……

例句:Given the choice, most adults would find human friends preferable to pets.

详解:请注意Given the choice后面的主语一般是人或者机构，be preferable to ..是一个固定短语，比……更值得拥有的意思，preferable的前面通常不必加more

10、someone would be well-advised to do sth. (= should) 某人应该做某事

例句:Parents would be well-advised to spend more time with their offspring.

详解:请注意这句话中的offspring“后代”一词的复数形式不变，仍为offspring..., and

there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this看起来有足够的研究

证明这个观点

11、…，and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this 看起来有足够的研究证明这个观点

例句: Teaching students in groups helps them to grow into social，responsible

individuals，and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.  (剑桥例句)

详解:近义句型:Research has provided hard(站得住脚的)evidence to confirm that/

From our own experience，we can find plenty of evidence to support the view

that.. (剑桥范文句型)

反义句型:There is little evidence to confirm that…

12、in all likelihood 很可能

例句: In all likelihood，these decisions would be made by government officials who tend to have wrong understanding of the problems.

详解:使用这个句型的好处是:(1)让论证听起来不至于过分地绝对，毕竟雅思议论文不是科学研究报告，所以即使剑4--剑7中的剑桥考官范文里也经常出现perhaps, may, possibly, probably, in some cases这类用来适当弱化语气的词;(2)在句首或者句中引入这个小短语后让长句子显得更为灵活多样。

13、his trend is not restricted to… 这个现象并不仅限于……

例句:This trend is not restricted to wealthy students who have the money to do this, but is also evident (明显的) among poorer students.

详解:反义句型..is limited / confined to…某现象仅限于……

14、tend to…多半……(这是在雅思写作和口语里代替被使用过滥的most of的好句型)

例句:(1 ) Youngsters tend to be more impulsive (冲动的) and more likely to go astray (误入歧途) socially. (2)These are electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather violent (剑桥例句).

详解:近义句型: are likely to ../ are inclined to../ have the tendency to/ and... is

no exception (也不是例外)

反义副词：…rarely…

15、hinge on取决于……

例句: Success of such efforts hinges on contribution from the authorities.

详解:这个词组在意思上接近depend on / reply on，但在语气上更坚决，带有.“舍我其谁”的排它性

16、A reflect B体现，反映

例句: Feelings about one's job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole. (剑7例句)

详解:近义句型: A is indicative of B

反义句型: A is irrelevant to B  A与B完全无关

17、The proportion of... is very high…… 的比例非常高。

例句:The proportion of their lives spent doing such jobs is very high. (剑7例句)

详解:近似的意思在同一篇文章中也可以用The majority of…二来替换，以实现句式多样化

18、in this respect / regard 在这方面

例句:Positive feedback from superiors (主管) is very important in this respect.(剑7例句)

详解:这个词组可以用来替换国内考生一直使用过多的in this aspect

19、is a frequent topic of discussion 是一再引起辩论的话题

例句:The comparative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion.(剑7例句)

详解:近义句型: is a much--debated issue