倒退类

用采论证disadvantage负面的万面

1、... is accompanied by...某种好的现象伴随着某种坏的现象

例句：The staggering人的)advancement of technology is accompanied by severe

pollution of the ecosystem.

详解：近义句型is attended by

对比:is prior to..先于……发生

2、sth. is unwarranted/ unjustified某种做法很不合理

例句：The amount of money super stars can earn in a short time cannot possibly be justified by the amount of work they do.(剑桥例句)

详解：反义句型:sth. With is justified / justifiable某种做法是站得住脚的

3、be afflicted遭受……

例句：A host of(大量的)African countries are being afflicted with chronic(长期的)

poverty and lasting war.

详解：近义句型:suffer from / be plagued with

反义句型:be free from 免于遭受

4、deprive someone of sth.剥夺某人的(自由、权力或者某种生活方式)

例句：Modern cities deprive city-dwellers(城市居民)of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life.

详解：近义句型:violate one's rights /infringe on one's rights侵犯某人的权利

5、sth. impels sb. to..促使某人去……

例句：It is the increasing peer pressure(同辈间的压力)that impels many youngsters to start smoking or drinking at an early age.

详解：请注意上面例句中强调句It is... that…的使用

近义句型:prompt sb. to..

6、A has rendered A十B形容词或者名词A让B变成某种(让人担心的状态)

例句：The upgrade in the IT industry has rendered millions of old computers obsolete(过时的).

详解：请注意在地道英文中这个句型后部跟的形容词一般是比较负面的意思，如render

sth. useless / unprotected(受不到任何保护的)/ pointless(没有意义的)

7、 sth.  is the root cause of...某事是……的根源

例句：The population explosion is the root cause of water scarcity(短缺)

详解：反义句型:On the surface，....is caused by...表面上，某事是由··…导致的

8、be confronted with sth.面对(某种负面的事物) 

例句：We will be confronted with this question at some point, no matter how unpleasant it can be.

详解：在地道英文中经常用它来代替face这个同学们最爱用的词，比如在去年年底一些国

外媒体就写到:Tiger Woods is now confronted with trouble created by himself一all the news about his multiple affairs.

9、be inundated with sth.充斥着……

例句：International trade has rendered many markets in developing countries inundated with foreign products that they do not really need.

详解：近义句型:be saturated with sth

反义句型:lack sth./be deficient in sth.缺乏··…

10、If... , sth. will ensue如果.....(某种不好的结果)将产生

例句：If parents neglect(忽视) their offspring，lack of discipline(纪律)and respect will ensue

详解：近义句型:If..，sth. will arise(注意这里不是rise）

11、distract sb. from...分散某人的注意力

例句：There are educational video games that，instead of distracting students from their classes，actually make students more academically-motivated.

详解：反义句型:make sb. concentrate on.·

12、be addicted to sth/be preoccupied with sth对……上瘾

例句：At the extreme(在极端情况下)，children may even become addicted to

computers as much as some of them become dependent on drugs.

13、copy sth. mechanically/apply sth.  indiscriminately对……机械照搬

例句：It is highly disturbing(困扰人的)that many architects today are copying

traditional architectural styles mechanically in their building designs.

详解：反义句型:apply sth. creatively(有创造性地使用··…)

14、increase the government expenditure增加政府支出

例句：The massive layoffs(大规模的裁员)will markedly(显著地)increase the

government expenditure in training the citizens who have lost their jobs and yet

do not have the skills required by the new jobs.

详解：近义句型:increase the government spending

反义句型:reduce the government expenditure

比较:optimise the distribution of government financial resources优化政府    财政资源配置

15、run contrary to (principles / faith/ theories/ evidence)与(原则/信仰/理论/证

据等)背道而驰

例句：Their suggestion runs contrary to the overwhelming evidence that technology boosts human efficiency.

详解：近义词组 is the exact opposite of

反义词组 is consistent with 与……相一致

16、erode the national identity / national pride侵蚀一个国家的文化特性/民族自豪感

例句：The indiscriminate worship(盲目崇拜)of the traditional culture is seriously

eroding the national identity of the young country.

详解：反义句型:preserve the national identity / boost national pride

17、at the expense of....以……为代价

例句：The infrastructure(基础设施)should not be upgraded at the expense of

taxpayers' wellbeing.

详解：近义句型:at the cost of..../compromise(妥协).../sacrifice(牺牲)...

比较:put a strain on sth严重消耗某种资源

18、It is wrong to equate... with....把，·…等同于··…是错误的

例句：It is wrong to equate happiness with making more money and living in a spacious house.(剑桥例句)

详解：近义句型:It is erroneous to regard... as..把……视为……是错误的