1、

That would matter less if people applied the samedegree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups inother fields.(剑5, Test 1 passage 3) 

分析：

a.此句主干：That would matter less

b.if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmentallobbying

if引导的条件状语从句

c.as they do to lobby groups in other fields为定语从句，做thesame degree of skepticism

的定语，关系词为as

参考译文：

除非人们对待环境问的游说活动也像对待其他问题的游说活动一样，持同等的怀疑态度，这才不会发挥那么大的作用。

2、

Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards aredeclining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perceptionand reality.(剑5, Test 1 passage 3) 

分析：

a. 此句主干: opinion polls suggest that ...

b.that many people nurture ...到句末为that 引导的宾语从句作suggest的宾语

c.that environmental standards ...到句末为that引导的同位语从句，做 the belief 的同位语。

d. 在同位语从句中，and 连接并列成分environmental standards aredeclining 和four factors seem to cause this disjunctionbetween perception and reality

参考译文：

但是民意调查显示，许多人所持的观念认为环境质量标准在下降，造成这种事实与人们观念间的差异的原因大致有四个。

3、

Yet a green organization opposingsuch a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view ofthe control in question might suggest they are doing more harm thangood.

（剑5, Test 1 passage 3) 

分析：

a. 此句主干: a green organizationopposingsuch a weakening is seen as altruistic

其中opposing such a weakening为现在分词短语作定语，修饰a green organization

b.even if an impartial...到句末为even if引导的让步状语从句，其中they aredoing more harm than good为宾语从句，引导词that被省掉

参考译文：

而即使对这一污染控制标准的客观审视可能会证明环保组织反对这种污染控制的低标准是弊大于利，这个环保组织仍会被认为是无私的。

4、

A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolvedas an advantageous trait, having been of survival valueto our ancestors in their  struggle againstthe hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way intoour genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancientanimal ways.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2) 

分析：

a.词句主干：A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claimthat...

b. claim that...到句末为that 引导的宾语从句做claim的宾语。

c.此句有两个现在分词短语做状语，分别是

having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle againstthe hardships of life on the plains and in the carves,  

ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of ourancient animal ways.

参考译文：

典型的现代社会学家甚至会称这种侵略性的本能是作为一种优势特征进化而来的，当我们的祖先在岩洞中和平原上与艰苦的生活做斗争时，这种本能对他们的生存起到了重要作用。最终，这种本能作为远古时人类动物行为的遗留产物融入到我们的基因中。

以上是节选雅思剑桥中的几个长难句，大家可以作为学习的参考。希望大家平时多加练习，在考试中取得理想成绩！