一、什么时候使用举例子

当文中的观点是名词复数，抽象或概括性的名词时，可以用具体的实例（代表性、典型性）来进一步支持或是说明观点。

二、举例子时易犯的错误

1）例子不具备代表性

很多考生喜欢用自己或是自己的家庭，国家做例子。这样的例子是过于片面的，没有典型性普遍性。若是一定要用自己来做例子，可以把自己扩大到一类人，把自己的家庭扩大成一类家庭，把自己的国家扩大成一类国家，这样才有足够的说服力。

I→teenagers/high school students/university students/consumers

China→some developing countries/some Asian countries/some manufacturing states

2）例子的字数过多且例子与观点无关联性

举例子可以是一句话一个例子，或一句话几个例子，也可以是好几句话一个例子。但是，议论文里的例子千万不要长篇大论，若是好几句话写一个例子，不要把例子写成流水账。还有，举的例子要能说明自己的观点，最好举完例子后加一句话说明例子与观点之间的联系。

题目：Some people feel that sports stars are paid too much money. Do you agree or disagree?

观点：I think the high salary of sports stars is reasonable.

展开：Take Liu Xiang, a famous athlete in China, for example, he was talented in running and was selected in the National Sports Team when he was still a child. After intensive training and huge pressure, he finally won championship in 2008 Olympic games. However, he cannot hold his top position long and was replaced by the younger generation.

修改版展开：Take Liu Xiang, a famous athlete in China, for example, his short career life in hurdle race and the huge pressure he experienced in every competition makes his huge salary justified.

3）例子可信度不高

举例子的时候可以使用数据信息作为例子，但是需要注意两点：数据和数据的来源（数据法）。数据的真实性不重要，但至少要看上去是"真实可信的"。

A survey by the latest Ministry of Labor's opinion poll shows that more companies would like to open their doors to disabled people, as long as they can access to modern technology, and the rate has been increasing every year by 5% since 2003.

使用数据论证，千万不要刻意将数据夸张，这样反而会降低数据的真实可靠性。常见的句型有"a survey by….shows that / a research by….finds out that / a study by….suggests that / Statistics by….conclude that…"省略号的部分是需要根据文章的内容来填写的数据来源出处或机构。

常用的机构包括：国外大学、学院、报纸、杂志、电视台、电台、网站、研究机构、民意调查等。我们按顺序给大家做一个示范：the University of Sussex, Business College of several European countries, the USATODAY, state media CNN, BBC Talking Point等。

4）杜绝中式谚语：不要硬性翻译中式谚语，外国谚语可以考虑，但也不可泛滥。

三、举例论证的标志表达

for example/instance, + 句子

There are many advantages of mobile phones, for example, we can use phones to chat with friends, listen to music and shop online.

such as/like/including, +名词/动名词

Unique architecture is always adored by local people or even foreigners, such as the bird's nest and the water cube in Beijing.

A good example for ... is that +句子

A good example for traffic reduction is that citizens choose to take public transport.

A case in point is that +句子

A case in point is that senior citizens are encouraged to live in a nursing house.