北木教育 > 出国考试 > 出国考试文章 > 小词大用 | 让你口语更灵活的20个实用词汇
发布时间:2018-12-06 杭州朗阁
我们需要做到三点:
一、改变思维习惯(way of thinking)。 阅读时,见到一些表达方式,多问问自己,这句话让我说,我会用这种思路吗?如果答案是no,那就恭喜你了,赶快把这句话抄下来,以后多做点文章。
二、注意选词(choice of words)。 实践证明,学好、活用100个词,再加上以前的一点基础,就可以自由表达自己思想,并可尽量抛弃原来的中式英语思维。
三、句型(sentence patterns) 。汉语与英语这两门语言没多大的相似之处,由于思维习惯的不同,导致一些表达方式也不同,具体表现在一些典型的句型上。
我们时常见的一些小词,如果多加注意和运用,就会产生很奇妙的效果,一起来看看有哪些吧~
available
使用频率:★★★★★
造句功能:★★★★
西方思维:★★★★★
这个词有点怪,是形容词,但是一般放到所修饰的词后面。凡句子中含有是“有。。。可以用到”的时候都可以考虑这个词。这个词关系到我们思维方式,而不是这个词用法有多复杂。反义词是unavailable.现在都讲究资源了.
1、对不起,没座了。
Chinglish: Sorry, we have no seats now.
Revision: Sorry, no seats available.
2、网站暂时无法访问。
Chinglish: This website can't be visited temporarily.
Revision: Website Temporarily Unavailable.
有时候尽管不是非用available/unavailable不可,但是多用一些,看起来正宗。在http://google.com中搜索结果:是约有441,000,000项符合available的查询结果。
offer
使用频率:★★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思维:★★★★★
这个词比较微妙。英译中时不太好处理,正因如此,这个词才值得我们重视。
1、谢谢你的好意,不过我可以走回去。
Chinglish: Thank you for your goodwill, but I can go home on foot.
Revision: Thanks for your offer, but I can walk home.
2、全国人民纷纷向灾区伸出了援助之手。
version 1: People from all over the country all giving their hands to the disaster area.
Alt Version: People from all over the country are offering helping hands to the disaster area.
Offer可以做动词用,也可以做名词用。还有一些固定搭配,其中Job offer非常红。凡是带有“给予”、“善意提供的(帮忙)”等意思,就可以考虑offer这个词。我们可以把give一些空间让点给offer:
sense
使用频率:★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思维:★★★★★
这个词主要由于几个相关短语而流行的。
这几个短语分别是: a sense of (responsibility, humor...)---有幽默感等, make sense/not make any sense,有意义,没意义(所以我说别老用meaningless,不是人家听不懂,那很中式的)。
1、我很喜欢他。他很有幽默感。
Chinglish: I very like him. He is very humorous.
Revision: I like him very much. He has a good sense of humor.
afford
使用频率:★★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思维:★★★★★
意思是买的起,付得起、花得起时间、金钱、精力等。
但是Afford只能表示能力,不表示意愿。例如我们可以说I'm willing to pay, but I really can't afford it,而不能说I'm willing to afford it。
用好这个词,我们的水平就会提高一个档次,让你的同学打心底里佩服。
1、这顶帽子贵得也太离谱了,我买不起。
Chinglish: This hat is extremely expensive, I can't buy it.
Revision: This hat is so expensive that I can't afford it.
2、这个村子里好多儿童都上不起学。
Chinglish: Lots of kids can't go to school because they're poor. (意思表达出来了但是不精练)
Revision: Plenty of kids in this village can't afford to go to school (can't afford education).
deserve
使用频率:★★
造句功能:★★
西方思维:★★★★★
这个词字面意思是“值得”、“该受到”,可褒可贬。用到的场合其实挺多的。几个例句就可以解决问题。
1、你是老鼠戏猫,真是自作自受!
Chinglish: You're like a rat teasing a cat... (...下面不会了)
Revision: I think you're playing with fire. You deserve it!
2、那个好心女孩终于嫁给了她的心上人。她是有好报。
Chinglish: That good-hearted girl was married to the man in her heart at last. She was good so she had a good end.
Revision: That good-hearted girl married her 'prince' finally. She deserved it.
这个词比较微妙,个人喜欢这个词,不多说了。
frustrated
使用频率:★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思维:★★★★★
表示心情沮丧、灰心丧气时,老外偏爱frustrated这一词。我们喜欢是sad, lose one's heart等表达法。
用法特别简单。当你觉得灰心丧气时,forget about "sad", use this word instead.
1、没有一个女孩子给我写过信,我真是沮丧极了。
I'm so frustrated that no girls wrote to me.
2、公司业绩总是不好,总经理真是心灰意懒。
Chinglish: The total manager is very sad because the achievement is not good.
Revision: The general manager is so frustrated for the poor performance of his company.
再说一遍,以后要常说 frustrated 哦!说多了,你就有老外的感觉了。
offend
使用频率:★★★★★
造句功能:★★
西方思维:★★★★★
这个词表示“冒犯”、“得罪”,老外整天挂在嘴上。我们要跟进。一般用法是offend sb.被动是be/get offended.
要善于识别offend使用范围。汉语语言特别丰富,所以我们要特别注重内在含义。
1、你对她的穿着评头论足,她可能会不高兴。
Chinglish: You're commenting on her dress; she might be unhappy. (还不太中式,但是想不到offend一词就是罪过)
Revision: You're criticising her dress sense. She might be offended.
2、我什么时候得罪她了?她这人真怪!
Chinglish: When did I do bad to her? She is so strange! (不算太中式,但是想不到offend就是罪过)
Revision: Have I ever offended her? She's just being so weird!
contribute
使用频率:★★
造句功能:★★★
西方思维:★★★★
名词形式是contribution. 意思有“捐献”、“投稿”等意思。凡是有贡献,都可以叫contribution。contribute这个动词一般与to 连用。
1、这事他也出了不少力。
Chinglish: He also supplied his strength to this.
Revision: He also contributed a lot to this.
2、谢谢你啊,你可帮了大忙了。
Version 1: Thank you very much. You really helped a lot.
Version 2: I really appreciate your great contribution.(看情况)
这个词用起来自然。好用,实用。
scenario
使用频率:★
造句功能:★
西方思维:★★★★★
这个词是“假想”、“设想”的意思。会用这个词不容易。凡是用过该词三次以上的(查词典抄来的不算),我敢断定其英文水平已经达到Great甚至是Excellent了。
这里有一句话:
In the unlikely scenario that there is no major conflict, China is obviously willing to give peace a chance so long as Taiwan is not being unleashed by the Americans to pursue de jure independence.
justify
使用频率:★★
造句功能:★★
西方思维:★★★★★
Justify: To demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid。证明、说明什么东西是对的,正确或有效的。
说明:该词在汉语中没有对应的词,虽然有对应的短语,但是我们说得太少,以至于见到这个词无动于衷,没觉得有什么特别的,岂止该词非常具有西方思维,用对了让你的英文更正宗。就象果汁,你喝兑水的,也叫果汁,人家的该榨出的,也叫果汁。果汁与果汁,大相径庭也!
例1、你明明错了,你别狡辩了。
Chinglish: You're obviously wrong, don't give chicanery!
Revision: You're obviously wrong. Don't try to justify your mistakes!
例2、该政府部门不作为的做法难责其咎。
Chinglish: The government agency should be blamed for their nonfeasance.(not bad)
Revision: The inactivity of the government agency can't be justified.