北木教育 > 出国考试 > 出国考试文章 > SAT常考 | 语法解析之非谓语动词
发布时间:2019-09-09 北京天道教育
Shaina老师告诉你,不用痛苦:SAT语法考的很简单,动词不定式考两点:作定语和作状语。
分词也只考两点:作定语和作状语。老老实实把握好这两类用法就ok。
先来看动词不定式用法。首先,不定式作定语:
I have a letter to write.
Cathy was the only person to survive the air crash.
His reluctance to admit his mistake upsets us.
Eventhough we know that we cannot reach the top of the mountain, the intention to try our best has never been given up in our mind.
上述四个句子中的蓝色部分都是不定式在句中作定语的用法。需要把握两点:不定式作定语时通常时名词的后置定语;作后置定语时直接跟在名词之后,不需要任何标点进行分隔。
其次,不定式作状语:
To avoid criticism, you should do nothing, say nothing, and be nothing.
She went to the English corner to improve her oral English.
这两个句子分别体现了不定式作状语时在句中的位置:即在句首时,需要加逗号将其与主句分隔,而在句末时,是不用加逗号的。
真题来一道,小试牛刀:
该题来自17.10北美第30题,考察不定式作状语时直接放句末(即无需任何标点进行分隔),正确答案为D选项。
接下来看分词的用法:首先,分词作定语
I live near a railway. Passing trains often wake me up at night.
Do you know the mansitting there and reading a newspaper?
All the people concerned will be questioned by the inquiry committee.
这里需要各位关注一下第一个句子和其他两个句子的区别,第一个句子中的蓝色部分为分词前置作定语,其他两个句子是分词后置作定语。需要指出的是,SAT中考察的是后者,分词后置作定语。作后置定语时与不定式作后置定语一样:直接跟在名词之后,不需要任何标点进行分隔。
再来看分词作状语:
Walking along a street,he heard someone call him.
seen from the hill, the town looks magnificent.
Please fill in this form,giving your name, address.
同样,分词作状语我们也有话要讲:分词作状语时,不管在主句前或者主句后,SAT都倾向于用逗号将其与主句隔开。这一点与不定式作状语不同(不定式作状语在句末时是不加逗号将其与主句分隔的),具体见上文。
那么我们现在聚焦一下真题:
The education of all pharmacists should be expanded to include additional medical training, and they should be empowered to perform even more of thetasks,traditionally performed by primary care physicians.
27.A)NOCHANGE
B)tasks,traditionally performed by,
C)tasks traditionally performed, by
D)tasks traditionally performed by
该题来自于18年3月亚太第27题,考察分词作后置定语的用法。此题正确选项为D,分词performed作后置定语修饰tasks,表示“那些传统上由主要医师执行的任务现在可以交给pharmacists去做”。
该题还需要关注一下选项A,这个选项从外形是上看是完全符合分词作状语的语法形式的(即分词作状语放在句末,用逗号与主句分隔)。如果不仔细分析句意,很可能会误选A。
而且你会发现,这种设置选项的方式不止出现这一次,其他真题中也有复制,所以,真正弄清楚分词作状语和作定语的用法和相应的语法分析尤为重要哦,不然遇见这种同时涉及两个考点的题还是会陷入迷茫。
好了,今天就给各位啰嗦到这儿吧,想要看更多语法精化,持续关注我吧!