上一次刚说过that限定性定语从句，没有逗号跟主句分开，有些同学就找到了一些“counterexamples”来挑战我的权威：）

热烈欢迎大家找茬哈！那这次我们就往深了说说这个that定语从句吧。

先看个“反面教材”：

Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman's analysis, that emphasizes the way machinery reflects social choices.

发现that前面竟然有逗号额？肿么办？肿么办？淡定点好伐？不就是个定语从句嘛。。。

我们都说过了，that是要修饰前面的名词的，这是地球人都知道的。

我们还说过了，that定语从句是不带逗号的，这也是大家都知道的。

那这个怎么处理呢？

that从句前面有两个名词，到底是修饰analysis还是修饰fashion呢？

看句意，不明白。

那就看语法吧！

that不能有逗号，所以不能修饰analysis，所以只能修饰fashion。

不理解。。。。

这样来理解：that从句修饰fashion，结果被突然exemplified…给拦了一下，作为插入成分“挤”在中间了。地方虽然不大，挤挤也还是有的。。。所以，就变那样了。。。

理解了吗？

记住，别再说that从句修饰逗号前的名词哦，小心我抽你哦~~that从句和它修饰的对象如下图，总会相见的：）

再看一个：

Current feminist theory, in validating women's own stories of their experience, has encouraged scholars of women's history to view the use of women's oral narratives as the methodology, next to the use of women's written autobiography, that brings historians closest to the "reality" of women's lives.

这么长！！句子主干先找一找：

Current feminist theory… has encouraged sb to do sth (view … as …), …, that…

跟上面一样，that不修饰written autobiography，我们去掉中间内容，再看一下：

… to view the use of women's oral narratives as the methodology that brings historians closest to the "reality" of women's lives

that修饰的是methodology，甚至可以理解为修饰的是oral narratives，因为在句子中，它们是一样一样的。

阅读中，总会不经意见到这样的结构：within/over/from/on/in/by/…which从句，脑袋就会突然短路，信息流一下中断，想续上就再读一遍，结果还是卡住。。。很凄惨的说。。。

遇到这样的情况，来看看下面的方法吧，有用没用自己一试就知道：）

比如，先看个句子：

Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process (in which) a manager recognizes familiar patterns.

第一个问题：which指的是谁？

指的是名词process！

第二个问题：which在从句中有什么用？

从句的主干是a manager recognizes familiar patterns，主谓都在吧？对，都在！那么which在从句里面就不是主语了，那它有什么作用呢？

DUANG! 我们的方法来了！

记住：以后读到这种结构的时候，把“介词+ which”直接放到从句里面去理解。就像这样：

a manager recognizes familiar patterns in (the) process

这样好理解了吗？

句意就是：直觉是一个认知过程；在这个过程中，经理识别熟悉的模式。

再看一个有点难度的：

Because consumers recognize that color advertisements are more expensive than black-and-white, the point at which repetition of an advertisement is perceived as excessive comes sooner for a color advertisement than for a black-and-white advertisement.

前半句话很好理解：因为消费者们认识到：彩色广告比黑白广告更贵，所以……

后半句突然卡住了。。。我们一起来试试刚才的方法吧。

at which指代at the point，放到后面从句里去，从句的主干也找出来：

repetition of an advertisement is perceived as excessive (at the point)

意识是说：在某个点上，广告的重复被认为是过度

再把剩余的部分连起来：

the point (at which repetition of an advertisement is perceived as excessive) comes(sooner) for a color advertisement (than) for a black-and-white advertisement

意识是说：这个点对彩色广告来说要比黑白广告来的更快些。即，彩色广告更早到临界点，黑白广告较晚到临界点。

最后再把整个句子凑到一起：

因为消费者们认识到彩色广告比黑白广告更贵，所以（广告的重复被认为是过度的）那个点对彩色广告来说要比黑白广告来的更快些。

怎么样，记住了吗？多练几个吧！

• Some scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history.

  
  

• However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized.

  
  

• Although this treaty did not mention water rights, the Court ruled that the federal government, when it created the reservation, intended to deal fairly with American Indians by reserving for them the waters without which their lands would have been useless

  
  

• KEY:

  he built the largest revitalization movement in African American history (from consciousness)

  they are applied to the sites — if the sites have never mineralized

  their lands would have been useless without the waters